Area: 7,741,220 sq km
Population: 21,468,700 (2008 est.)
Population density: 2.6 per sq km
Capital: Canberra
Visa required ? | |
British | Yes |
Canadian | Yes |
USA | Yes |
Other EU | Yes |
Passports
Valid passport required by
all nationals referred to in chart above.
Visas
Required by all nationals
referred to in the chart above except:
(a) those continuing their journey to a third
country (who hold confirmation of booking and
documentation to enter country) within eight
hours of arriving in Australia.
All other nationals must obtain a transit visa
before travel if intending to remain in Australia
no longer than 72 hours and a stopover is intended.
Transit visas are free of charge.
Note: (a) Not all airports
remain open all night; travellers should check
with the airline. (b) Nationals
not referred to in the chart above are advised
to contact the Department of Immigration at
the high commission to check visa requirements.
Visa Note
Australian visa regulations
(including visa application charges) change
from time to time. The information provided here
is valid at the time of publication, but visitors
should check that this information is still
current by visiting the Department of Immigration
online ( www.immi.gov.au ) or by calling the Australian Immigration
and Citizenship London Contact Centre (tel:
0906 550 8900, in the UK; calls cost £1 per
minute; lines open 0900-1600.)
Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) visas
The ETA is an electronically stored authority
for travel to Australia for tourism, short-term
business or elective study purposes, that allows
multiple entries for stays of up to three
months for people from certain countries
(see below). The ETA is valid for 12 months
from date of issue, or for the life of the passport
if it is less than 12 months. An ETA is invisible
and therefore will not show up in your passport.
All nationals referred to in the chart above
are eligible for an ETA except: Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania,
Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic and Slovenia.
Other types of visa
Visitors not eligible for an ETA, or seeking
a longer stay than an ETA offers, may apply
for eVisitor, Tourist (Non
ETA) and Business Short-stay (Non ETA) visas.
There are also student visas, employers' visas
for overseas workers and sponsored family
visitor visas available; enquire at the Australian
high commission.
Types of Visa and Cost
ETAs:
Visitor/Short Validity Business: Free of
charge. Business Visitor (Long Validity): A$90.
Note: A service fee of A$20 is
charged when applying for an ETA online through
the DIMIA ETA website. Some travel agents and
airlines issuing ETAs also charge a processing
fee.
Non-ETAs: Tourist and Business Short-stay visas: A$105. eVisitor visas: Free of charge.
Visa fees are generally adjusted on 1 July each
year.
Validity
Visitor ETAs
are valid for 12 months from date of issue (or
until the passport expires, whichever comes first)
and permit multiple entries into Australia for
a stay of up to three months on each visit. Short
Validity Business ETAs are valid for
12 months from date of issue (or until the passport
expires, whichever comes first) with stays of
up to three months on each visit and can be used
for single or multiple entry travel. Business
Visitor (Long Validity) ETAs are valid
for 10 years (or the life of the passport) and
permit multiple entries for a stay of up to three
months for each visit.
For non-ETA visas, the validity varies according
to the type of visa, the purpose of the trip and
the validity of the passport. Visas are usually
valid from three to 12 months. The validity will
be stated on the visa label in your passport.
Applications to:
ETA: Authorised travel agents or airlines; by
telephone; some nationals may apply online through
the main Department of Immigration and Multicultural
and Indigenous Affairs (DIMIA) ( www.eta.immi.gov.au ) (Visitor and Short Validity Business ETAs
only).
Non-ETA: Australian embassies,
high commissions and consulates.
There is a Tourist Short-Stay visa available
online ( www.eta.immi.gov.au ) for all nationals referred to in chart above.
Working Days Required
ETA:
When issued through DIMIA's ETA website, or through
travel agents or airline offices, usually processed
and valid immediately, or, in a few cases, within
three working days. Non-ETA: 10-15 working
days.
By Air
The national airline is Qantas (QFA)
Approximate flight times to Sydney:
Istanbul: 18 hours and 30 minutes
London: 21 hours and 10 minutes
New York: 19 hours and 50 minutes
Dubai: 15 hours
Singapore: 7 hours and 50 minutes
Buenos Aires: 14 hours and 40 minutes
Main (international) airports
For a list of all airports in Australia, check Wikipedia here.
By Water
The only way to get to Australia by water, is via a passenger-carrying freighter or a cruise ship. There are no regular (ferry) connections between Australia and Indonesia or Australia and New Zealand, but cruise ships dock in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Brisbane and Hobart.
The following cruise companies dock in Australia:
For more info on freighter ships to/from Australia:
drinks and snacks | food: local markets; restaurants; & stores | ||||
water (mineral) juice soft drink (can) soft drink (bottle) |
1.5 litre 1 litre 330ml 1.5 litre |
1.00 1.70 0.55 1.30 |
bread loaf-white bread loaf-whole grain |
600g 750g |
2.75 4.00 |
pizza - take-away chips sunrice 3 minute cup sanitarium nutmeat |
med one serving 65g 414g can |
tba 1.50 1.50 3.65 |
|||
beer - local wine |
330ml 750ml |
2.29 10.00 |
|||
tea (Lipton) coffee (cafe / bar) Nescafe instant coffee - ground |
25 bags per cup 125g 500g |
1.80 3.20 4.50 9.90 |
rice (white) pasta eggs crushed tomatoes |
kg 500g per dozen 410g |
1.35 1.30 3.50 1.10 |
milk yoghurt / curd cheese (processed) Magnum icecream |
1 litre 500g kg each |
1.80 1.85 8.50 tba |
potatoes onions tomatoes green beans |
kg kg kg kg |
2.20 1.80 3.75 3.90 |
chips salted peanuts dried apricots |
200g pack 250g 200g |
2.50 2.50 2.60 |
apples oranges bananas |
kg kg kg |
3.60 2.80 3.00 |
cornflakes chocolate biscuits-plain biscuits-chocolate museli bars |
375g pack 100g block 220g pack 240g 8 x 25g bars |
2.75 1.80 1.40 2.40 3.35 |
pineapple (can) oil (canola) |
450g 500ml |
195 1.70 |
peanut paste jam |
500g jar 400g jar |
3.60 2.90 |
|||
accommodation | personal | ||||
budget city hostel budget city hotel |
18.00+ per dorm bed 75.00 (double) share bathroom |
deodorant - roll-on soap shampoo toothbrush toothpaste disposable razor toilet paper |
50ml 150g bar 200ml each 110g 10 pack 4 pack |
3.50 1.50 3.90 2.10 2.84 2.20 1.65 |
|
camping | 15.00 in campground w/o electricity,
6.50 in NP & wild camping possible in some areas |
||||
internet | 5.00+ per hour | ||||
A couple of extra tips:
The above prices are only a guide as the cost of living varies greatly between the different states and whether you reside in the city or an isolated outback town.
Bargaining is not widely practiced except when buying case lots of fruit and vegetables or bulk items at markets. Some warehouse/ wholesale establishments may also provide discounts for large purchases.
Tipping is now common practice in Australia and encouraged throughout all facets of the hospitality industry. Either rounding the bill up to the nearest five or ten dollar amount is fairly customary, though the decision to tip or not is entirely up to you. In restaurants and some larger hotels, an optional tip line/box will be included on your credit card slip: again entirely discretional.
Taxi fares are always metred, unless you plan a long distance and then the price will be fixed before hand. Therefore tipping is not expected, though if your taxi-driver has run a miracle in getting you somewhere fast or on time, then a little extra is always appreciated.
If you are spending much of your trip to Australia on the back of your bike, this is a great way to sightsee on a budget. And as a popular destination for backpackers and gap year travellers, you can find plenty of hostels and cheap hotels in Sydney as well as the smaller towns around Australia at hostelbookers.com.
Opt for a hostel and you will not only save on the price of a room, but also on lots of facilities that are particularly useful to cyclists. Many offer secure cycle storage but if you don’t bring your own wheels, many city hostels such as Sydney, Perth, Cairns or Melbourne backpackers offer cheap or free bike rental to guests. You can also use their self-catering kitchens to pack up a picnic for the day. After a weary day of pedalling, you can relax in the TV lounge and share your travel experiences with other guests. If there is an onsite bar the drinks are often reasonably priced too.
In the cities, expect to pay between AUD$25 and AUD$35 for a bed in a dorm room. But if you prefer a private room you are more likely to be charged between AUD$30 and AUD$40. It is worth remembering that not all private rooms in hostels are en suite, they might be located down the hallway. However, an increasing number of boutique hostels, particularly in the popular cities offer dorms with en suite facilities.
Packing up the caravan, camper van or car is a common yearly event for holidaying Australians and therefore you don't have to look hard to find a caravan park somewhere in the region. Prices vary and for the cycling tourist it can work out expensive in the more touristy places, though a nice touch to the Ozzie campground is the common room, where guests can gather of an evening to chat or watch television. Quite often this includes a fully equipped kitchen area as well.
National Parks are another option, often cheaper and have beautifully natural settings to pitch the tent in. Expect to pay between AUD $6.00 and $10.00 per plot. Quite often an honor box is supplied to pop this fee into, but don't be at all surprised if a ranger also drops by to see if you are alright during your stay. Abide by the rules and cook on the cement slabs if provided and whatever you do, don't light a fire unless it states that it is okay.
Every state has its own rules and regulations about free camping, though in remote areas, both inland and on the coast, you'll hardly have any problems if you keep yourself well hidden. Farmers are also generally obliging if you ask nicely to camp on their property. Don't forget though that Australia has a large collection of creepy-crawlies that may find your temporary home just as cosy as you do. To scare off snakes in the bush, make a noise when you walk; don't leave your bags or your tent open; and bang out the shoes before popping your toes in them the next morning.
OzCamps
designed by Brett Kinross is a dymanic community website
for those who enjoy free-independent camping. Only started
in August 2008 so not yet extensive, but nonetheless
great information available for wild camping possibilities.
Camping.com.au
has some great information about the National Parks,
their camping facilities and fees
For a
free-camping
map of Tasmania take a look at the Travelling Two's
website (Friedel and Andrew)
TIP: When camping, never camp underneath a gum tree! The reason is, the branches are very brittle and you could find your tent being crashed into in the middle of the night.
Motel and hotel accommodation is readily available throughout Australia too, though a little out of the price range of the budget traveller. Often pubs in small towns will have a number of rooms available with share bathrooms. The price is generally indicative of what to expect.
Australian cuisine has very strong ties with the British kitchen, though due to a completely different climate some original cookery ideas and conventions have emerged over the years. Closer to the English way of life, is the common belief that the main meal of the day should consist of "meat and three veg".
In Australia, this is served in the evening and not at lunch as traditionally done in the UK. The meat can take the form of a steak, chop, sausage, pie, burger or roast and Australians are known for their love of this element at any meal time. FAO statistics show that while beef is Australia's largest argricultural export, there was enough left over in 2002 for a consumption of around 2,230,000 metric tonnes and according to The Weekly Times in 2007, amounted to an expenditure of 8.2 billion ozzie dollars each year on beef and lamb alone.
You might then believe that finding vegetarian food is difficult, but on the contrary if in the larger cities or trendy coastal backpacking haunts. While it still considered an alternative way of life, vegetarianism and veganism are becoming more and more popular. As testimony to this, HappyCow lists many small eateries and cafes throughout Australia supplying vegans and vegetarians with a wonderful array of a supply of burgers, sandwiches, light meals, cakes and fair trade chocolate.
It is quite common for most restaurant menu's to have one or two choices for the non-meat eater and some even go as far as offering an entire vegetarian section. In the more remote areas, you'll may encounter a few more difficulties, especially if you are vegan. While it shouldn't be a problem to prepare something, occasionally the attitude of locals towards those who choose not to eat meat may be a little condescending.
Australia has immigrants from all over the world and these people have also enriched the culture by bringing the art of their cuisine with them. Many of the Chinese, Indian, Turkish, Greek, Italian and Vietnamese restaurants have plenty of vegetarian options on their menus as well.
The quality of fruit and vegetables, both at markets and shopping centres in Australian cities and towns is extremely good and very diverse, so self catering is always a cheap and easy way around not being able to find what you want. Furthermore, there are many varieties of soya based products in the supermarkets these days and the Ozzie brand: Sanitarium has great nut meats for a full-on protein fix. Look for the tins of Nutolene, Nutmeat and Veggie Sausages. Even the bakeries have come around in recent years and the traditional meat pie is also available as a vegan faux-meat pie, containing soy protein and mushrooms. Vegetarian pasties are also widely available.
As well as the local bakery you
can also get tasty snacks from the milk/sandwich-bar
or local take-away. They can be found in every
town and suburb and usually sell chips, pies and
pasties, as well as freshly made sandwiches. Another
option is to head to the food court at the nearest
shopping mall. These are similar to the Asian
style food court and there is an array of cuisine
to choose from.
But if you really want to do it in true Ozzie
style, then pack the eski (cool-box) with some
of your favourite foods from the supermarket and
your choice of beer and wine and head to the nearest,
park, river, lake or beach front. Going for a
picnic is a traditional favourite amongst Australians
and some recreational spots also have free tennis
courts and barbeques that you can insert coins
to get them started. What ever you do, don't forget
the hat sunglasses and sunscreen. The Australian
sun can cook you red raw.
Australia doesn't have a lot of authentic dishes that are suitable for the vegetarian, but there are a few fun concepts you should try-out and a tonne of deliciously yummy desserts to feast not only your eyes upon but your stomachs as well.
Over the years, Aussies have developed a multitude of colloquial terms that are now ingrained firmly in the language. So, you'll be forgiven if you haven't got a clue what the locals are talking about. Below is a list of some of the food terminology, you may possibly hear.
AUSSIE TALK
a veggie = a vegetarian
barbie = a barbecue
ridgey didge = fridge
/ refrigerator
eski = any type of portable
cool box
nosh = a snack or to eat
nosh-up = a raid on the
fridge or a super good meal.
tucker = food
grub = food
dee-lish = delicious
tea = dinner (evening
meal) or a cup of tea
little boys = small
frankfurters that should be avoided if you
are a vegetarian. Often served at Friday
happy hour in the local pub
mash = creamy mashed potato traditionally served
with bangers (sausages) of which you can
now get vegan varieties in most supermarkets.
mushie = mushroom
caulie = cauliflower
chook = chicken
bum-nuts = eggs
sambo, sammie or sanga = sandwich
snag = sausage
tomato sauce = tomato ketchup
marge = margarine
peanut
paste = peanut butter
vegemite = the national salty spread for toast or
sandwiches made from yeast extract
bickie = biscuit
lamington = sponge cake squares covered in chocolate
icing and sprinkled with coconut
pav = pavlova: a meringue dessert covered with
cream and fruit
lollies = candy or sweets
time to put the billy on = time for a cup of tea. Originates from
the swagman's bush tea boiled in a billy
(tin container) over a fire.
smoko = tea / coffee
break
cuppa = cup of tea or
coffee
moo-juice = milk
grog = alcohol
booze = alcohol
plonk = super cheap wine
bundy = bundaberg rum
as in the standard 'bundy and coke'
champers = champagne
amber fluid = beer
shandy = beer and lemonade
VB = Victoria Bitter - brand
of beer in Victoria
four-ex (XXXX) = Queensland
brand of beer
stubby = small bottle
of beer
tinny = can of beer
long neck = 750ml bottle
of beer
schooner = large glass
of beer
middy = medium glass
of beer
local drinking hole =
local pub or bar
bottlo = bottle shop,
often with a drive-in section, so you
don't even have to get out of the car.
Just tell the attendant what you want
and he'll get it for you.
hair of the dog = first drink
the next day after a drinking session
the night before
BYO = bring your own.
Many restaurants allow you to take in
your own alcohol. You will be charged
a corkage fee per bottle.
BYOG = bring your own
grog (party term)
bottoms up = cheers
Why not try these for starters?
Drop into the pub
for a counterie
A counterie or counter meal is what Australians
call the meal served at the local pub. Traditionally
they were served at lunch and in the lounge bar.
Nowadays, they are served at dinner time as well
and you often get the option of sitting in the
front bar or back in the lounge. Prices may vary
between these two places. All pubs will have a
couple if not more vegetarian options on offer.
Bush Tucker
If you get the opportunity to visit a
restaurant that specialises in Australian Bush
Tucker then make sure you go all out and try some
of the unusual tastes of the native bush. Such
flavours include lemon myrtle, wattle seed, quandongs
or pepperberries. And of course if you haven't
already, then you just have to sink your teeth
into a big juicy macadamia nut: Australia's most
commercially successful native plant food.
Damper
Simple bread dough traditionally wrapped around
a stick and baked over an open fire in colonial
times. Present day, it is not commonly found on
sale, except for a few quirky bakeries and in
bush tucker restaurants. However, if you get the
chance to camp with a few locals, ask them to
go all out and make you some of this bread. More
for the experience than the taste.
Vegemite
Definitely an acquired taste, but seeing
as most Australians are brought up on the stuff,
they love it. This famously salty yeast-based
spread, comparable to the British product: marmite,
is gobbled up nationally on hot buttered toast
for breakfast or smeared in a fresh buttered roll
for lunch. Most cafes or coffee shops will serve
it, if you ask for it. Variations to the sanga (sandwich) are to serve it with a layer of philadelphia
cheese; crunchy iceberg lettuce; or crunchy straw
potato chips.
Veggie Burger with
the Lot
Basically waltz into any take-away and ask for
their 'hamburger with the lot' without the meat
element. It is totally unnecessary anyway when
you get a seeded burger bun with fried egg, onions,
grilled cheese, lettuce, tomato, beetroot and
pineapple. With a serving of crunchy thick cut
chips, you've got a meal and a half.
Chip Buttie
If the above burger seems all a bit too much to
handle, then why not try a surfer's favourite
snack. Sold at take away stores on the beach front,
the chip buttie is simply a burger bun stuffed
with a serving of hot chips and smothered with
tomato sauce. Heart warming, but definitely not
for those watching the health of their hearts.
Vanilla slice
Similar to the French mille-feuille or
the Dutch tompouce, this morning tea delight is
one of Australia's favourite baked goodies. Characteristically
recognisable in colour from the thick set yellow
vanilla custard between two layers of flaky pastry
and topped with a sweet layer of bright pink icing.
Great with a strong cup of freshly brewed black
coffee.
The Lamington
Apparently discovered by accident when the former
Governor of Queensland, Charles Cochrane-Baillie:
the 2nd Baron Lamington's cook accidentally dropped
a piece of sponge cake in melted chocolate and
then rolled it in desiccated coconut. It is said
that he actually hated it, but that didn't stop
millions of Australians from consuming this bakery
delight and today you can find this simple cake
establishments ranging from coffee houses to bakeries,
to supermarkets and take-away stores. Often they
will be sliced in two and served with a layer
of jam and cream in between and recently lemon
and strawberry varieties have also found their
way into bakery shops.
Pavlova
This dish is still cause for argument between
New Zealanders and Australians, as it is not exactly
clear, who invented this mouth-watering sweet
in honor of the Russian dancer, Ánna Pávlova
during one of her tours in Oceania. Wherever it
was discovered, both countries frequently devour
this dessert on any celebratory occasion,: national
or local. Crispy on the outside, light and fluffy
on the inside, this meringue-marsh mellow cake
is served with lashings of whipped cream and covered
with fresh fruit.
The Tim Tam Slam
If you have never tried two chocolate biscuits
filled with a creamy chocolate fudge and covered
in milky chocolate, then you are in for one of
the finest moments in your life. And when you
have got over your first delightfully gastronomic
bite, why not explore this sensation further by
embarking on the "Tim Tam Slam".
Nibble off both chocolate ends and then use your
tim tam as a straw in cup of strong coffee. The
brew will melt the fudge centre and the entire
biscuit if you are not quick enough to suck everything
up into your mouth in time. A unique chocolate
experience that words cannot portray: you just
have to give it a go for yourself. And don't be
worried if you fail the first time, there are
twelve biscuits in a pack.
ANZAC biscuits
Believed to have dated back to World War 1, when
loved ones sent these long shelf life biscuits
to soldiers fighting abroad. A mix of coconut,
oats, flour, sugar, butter and golden syrup make
an energy filling snack, which are popular with
bush-bashers (bushwalkers) today. As well as being
commercially produced for fundraising purposes,
they can be found in supermarkets as well as local
bakeries.
Beer, also considered by many as liquid gold, is pumped out by two main breweries: Carlton United and Lion Nathan. What with them producing a plentiful flow of the amber beverage and the warm weather, the beer drinking culture is firmly embedded in the Ozzie lifestyle. While Fosters has had huge international appreciation, it is not often consumed by Australians. In fact, if you spy any of it in someone's ridgey didge (refrigerator), they'll tell you it was left over from a recent party and to help yourself. Besides the mass produced beers, there are a number of smaller brewers like Coopers and Boags who have national recognition and are widely available throughout the country.
Wine is one of Australia's success stories and there are wineries of all sizes, with and without attached restaurants, hotels, bed and breakfasts and other attractions dotting the entire lower third of the country. The only pitfall is that this delicious juice is not at all cheap, especially if you want something of a decent quality.
Alcohol cannot be purchased in the regular supermarket, though these days many decent sized shops have an attached liquor store. Otherwise you'll need to make a separate trip to the bottlo (bottle shop) down the road.